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Edward Santos, MD Publications

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Invited Presentations (*-presenter)

  1. “Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) vs. Standard Approaches: Analysis of Segmental Lordosis Change” Sembrano JN, Sharma AK, Horazdovsky R, Polly DW* and Santos ER. Podium presentation, International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery, April 2011, Las Vegas, NV. Role: Co-author. Won the Charles Ray Award for Best Clinical Paper.
  2. “Do Lordotic Cages Provide Greater Segmental Saggital Contour Change Than Non-Iordotic Cages in Minimally-Invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)?” Sembrano JN*, Sharma AK, Horazdovsky R, Polly DW and Santos ER. Podium presentation, 3rd Annual Research Meeting of the Society of Lateral Access Surgery, La Jolla, CA, April 9, 2010. Role: Co-author
  3. “Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) vs. Standard Approaches: Analysis of Segmental Lordosis Change” Sembrano JN*, Sharma AK, Horazdovsky R, Polly DW and Santos ER. Podium presentation, 3rd Annual Research Meeting of the Society of Lateral Access Surgery, La Jolla, CA, April 10, 2010; podium presentation at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques, Toronto, Canada, July 23, 2010; Podium presentation at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Miami, FL November 7, 2010. Role: Co-author
  4. “O-arm Image Guided Pedicle Screw Insertion: Revision and Reoperation Rates in 2,495 Screws”. Santos, ER, Sembrano JN*, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Miami, FL, November 6, 2010. Role: Primary Author
  5. “Intra-operative Feedback for Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Intervertebral Disc Volume Removal and Outcomes”. Ledonio CG*, Hendricks A, Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Nuckley D, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the 25th Annual Meeting of the North American Spine Society. Orlando, Florida, October 5-9, 2010. Role: Co-author.
  6. “Validation of Surgeon Perception of Navigated Pedicle Screw Position: A Cadaveric Study”. Santos ER*, Ledonio CG, Castro CA, Truong WH, Sembrano JN, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the 25th Annual Meeting of the North American Spine Society. Orlando, Florida, October 5-9, 2010. Role: Presenter
  7. “Accuracy of Intra-operative O-arm Images in Determining Pedicle Screw Position”. Santos ER*, Sembrano JN, Ledonio CG, Polly DW. Presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of the North American Spine Society. Orlando, Florida, October 5-9, 2010. Role: Presenter
  8. “Validity of surgeon perception of navigated pedicle screw position: a cadaveric study”. Santos ER*, Ledonio CG, Castro CA, Truong WH, Sembrano JN, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the 2010 AAOS Annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 2010. Role: Presenter
  9. “The incidence of Non-spine Findings in Lumbar spine radiographs”. Santos ER*, Westensee J, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the 2010 AAOS Annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 9-13, 2010. Role: Presenter
  10. “Intraoperative O-arm scan Assessment of Pedicle Screw Position: Does it prevent Unacceptable Screw Placement?” Sembrano JN*, Santos ER, Polly DW, Ledonio CG. Presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 27, 2009. Role: Co-author
  11. “Intraoperative O-arm CT Scan Assessment of Pedicle Screw Position: Does it Prevent Unacceptable Screw Placement?” Sembrano JN*, Santos ER, Polly DW, and Ledonio CG. Podium presentation at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, Hong Kong, China, July 9, 2008. Role: Co-author
  12. “Mobile and Fixed Bearing (All-poly Tibia) Designs in TKA: A Randomized Prospective Comparison. Gioe TJ*, Sembrano JN, Glynn J, Santos ER, and Suthers K. Podium presentation at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, February 2007. Role: Co-author
  13. “All-polyethylene and metal-backed tibias have similar outcomes 10 years: a randomized level 1 evidence study”. Gioe TJ*, Stroemer ES, Santos ER. Podium presentation at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Chicago, IL, 2006. Role: Co-author
  14. “The Radiographic Assessment of Interbody Fusion with Cages”. Santos ER*, Morcom R, Fraser RD. Podium presentation at the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine (ISSLS), Cleveland, Ohio, 2001. Role: Presenter

Local/Regional Presentations

  1. “What is the Best Iliac Screw Size and Trajectory?” Santos ER, Mueller B*, Sembrano JN, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the 2011 Mid-America Orthopaedic Association Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, April 6-10. Role: Primary author
  2. “Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) vs. Standard Approaches: Analysis of Segmental Lordosis Change” Sembrano JN, Sharma AK, Horazdovsky R*, Polly DW and Santos ER. Podium presentation at the 2011 Mid-America Orthopaedic Association Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, April 6-10. Role: Co-author
  3. Accuracy of Surgeon Perception of Navigated Pedicle Screw Position: A Cadaveric Study. Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Castro C, Ledonio C, Truong WH*, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the Minnesota Orthopaedic Society Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN May 2009. Role: Primary author
  4. “What is the Best Iliac Screw Size and Trajectory?” Santos ER, Mueller B*, Sembrano JN, Polly DW. Podium presentation at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the Minnesota Orthopaedic Society, Minneapolis, MN. Role: Primary author
  5. “The Treatment of Asymptomatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head”. Santos ER*, Al-Macari G, Cheng EYC. Podium presentation at the 2007 Annual Minnesota Orthopedic Society Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, May 2007 Role: Presenter
  6. “Sagittal Plan Lumbar Spine Correction with Bilateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.” Santos EG*, Polly DW. Podium presenations at the 2007 Annual Minnesota Orthopedic Society Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, May 2007. Role: Presenter
  7. “Demographics of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: NAKAR Experience”. Santos ER*, Saleh K. Midwest Arthroplasty Course; Minneapolis, MN, May 2005. Role: Presenter

Poster Presentations

  1. “Pediatric Pedicle Screw Placement Using 3D Image-guided Navigation is Safe and Accurate”. Larson AN, Santos ER, Polly DW, Ledonio CG, Mielke C, Guidera K, Sembrano JN*. Scoliosis Research Society Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky, September 2011. Role: Co-author
  2. “Pediatric Pedicle Screw Placement Using 3D Image-guided Navigation is Safe and Accurate”. Larson AN, Santos ER, Polly DW*, Ledonio CG, Mielke C, Guidera K, Sembrano JN. International Meeting for the Advancement of Spinal Technology Meeting, Copenhagen, July 13-16, 2011. Role: Co-author
  3. “Open versus Percutaneous Image Guided Lumbar Pedicle Screw Insertion: Accuracy and Reoperation Rates”. Santos ER, Sembrano JN*, Polly DW. E-poster presentation at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Loews Hotel, Miami, FL, November 2010. Role: Primary author
  4. “Do Lordotic Cages Provide Greater Sagittal Contour Change than Non-Lordotic Cages in Minimally-invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion?”. Sembrano JN*, Sharma, AK, Horazdovsky R, Polly DW, Santos ER. Poster presentation at the 2010 Annual meeting of the Minnesota Orthopaedic Society, Minneapolis, MN, May 2010. Role: Co-author
  5. “Open vs. Percutaneous Image Guided Lumbar Pedicle Screw Insertion: Accuracy and Reoperation Rates.” Santos ER*, Sembrano JN, Polly DW. E-poster presentation at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Miami, FL, November 5-7, 2010. Role: Primary author
  6. “The Accuracy of Intraoperative O-arm Images in Assessing Pedicle Screw Placement.” Santos ER, Truong WH, Castro C, Ledonio C, Sembrano JN*. Presented as a poster at the IMAST meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 2010. Role: Primary author
  7. “Accuracy of Surgeon Perception of Navigated Pedicle Screw Position: A Cadaveric Study.” Santos ER*, Sembrano JN, Castro C, Ledonio C, Truong WH, Polly DW. Presented as a poster presentation at the Scoliosis Research Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, September 2009. Nominated for the Best Poster Presentation in the Basic Science Category. Role: Presenter
  8. “The Use of Intraoperative 3D CT Imaging for Pedicle Screw Placement in Patients With or Without Coronal Deformity.” Ledonio CG, Polly DW*, Sembrano JN, Santos ER. Presented as an electronic poster presentation at the IMAST Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 2009. Role: Co-author
  9. “Accuracy of Surgeon Perception of Navigated Pedicle Screw Position: A Cadaveric Study.” Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Castro C, Ledonio C, Truong WH, Polly DW*. Presented as an electronic poster presentation at the IMAST Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 2009. Role: Primary author
  10. “3D image based Computer Navigation Reduces Needle Malposition Rates in Balloon Kyphoplasty”. Sembrano JN*, Ledonio CG, Santos ER, Nuckley D, Polly DW. Poster presentation at the 2009 Annual meeting of the Minnesota Orthopaedic Society, Minneapolis, MN, May 2009; E-poster presentation at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques, Sheraton Centre Toronto, Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010. Role: Co-author
  11. “3D image based Computer Navigation Reduces Needle Malposition Rates in Balloon Kyphoplasty”. Sembrano JN*, Ledonio CG, Santos ER, Nuckley D, Polly DW. Poster presentation at the 17th International Meeting of Advanced Spine Techniques, Sheraton Centre Toronto, Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010. Role: Co-author
  12. “Accuracy of Surgeon Perception of Navigated Pedicle Screw Position: A Cadaveric Study.” Santos ER, Sembrano JN*, Castro C, Ledonio C, Truong WH, Polly DW. Presented as a poster presentation at the International Meeting of Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008. Role: Primary author
  13. “New Generation Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Imaging (O-arm) in 100 Spine Surgeries: Does it Change the Surgical Procedure?” Sembrano JN*, Polly DW, Santos MD, Strothman DH, Mollman D. E-poster presentation, 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center, Hong Kong, China, July 8-11, 2008. Role: Co-author
  14. “What is the Best Iliac Screw Size and Trajectory?” Santos ER, Mueller B, Sembrano JN*, and Polly DW. E-poster presentation, 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques, Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center, Hong Kong, China, July 8-11, 2008. Role: Primary author
  15. “Saggital Plane Lumbar Spine Correction with Bilateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion”. Santos ER*, and Polly DW. Poster presentation at the North American Spine Society Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas, October 23-27, 2007. Role: Primary author.
  16. “Saggital Plane Lumabr Spine Correction with Bilateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion”. Santos ER, and Polly DW*. Poster presentation at the International Meeting of Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Paradise Island, Bahamas, July 11-14, 2007. Role: Primary author

Peer Reviewed Publications

  1. Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Yson SC, Polly DW Jr., Comparison of Open and Percutaneous Lumbar Pedicle Screw Revision Rate Using 3-D Image Guidance and Intraoperative CT, Orthopedics. 2015 Feb 1;38(2):e129-34. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20150204-61.
  2. Sembrano JN, Yson SC, Polly DW Jr, Ledonio CG, Nuckley DJ, Santos ER, Comparison of Nonnavigated and 3-dimensional Image-based Computer Navigated Balloon Kyphoplasty, Orthopedics. 2015 Jan 1;38(1):17-23. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20150105-51.
  3. Yson SC, Sembrano JN, Santos ER, Luna JT, Polly DW, Jr. Does prone repositioning  before posterior fixation produce greater lordosis in lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)? Journal of spinal disorders & techniques. Oct 2014;27(7):364-369.
  4. Do lordotic cages provide better segmental lordosis versus non-lordotic cages in lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)? Sembrano JN, Horazdovsky RD, Sharma AK, Yson SC, Santos ER, Polly DW Jr. J Spinal Discord Tech. 2014 Jun 4.
  5. New generation intraoperative three-dimensional imaging (O-arm) in 100 spine surgeries: Does it change the surgical procedure? Sembrano JN, Santos ER, Polly DW Jr. J Clin Neurosci. 2014 Feb;21(2):225-31.
  6. Neck-shoulder crossover: how often do neck and shoulder pathology masquerade as each other? Sembrano JN, Yson SC, Kanu OC, Braman JP, Santos ER, Harrison AK, Polly DW Jr. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2013 Sep;42(9):E76-80.
  7. Adult degenerative scoliosis surgical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ledonio CGT, Polly DW Jr, Crawford CH, Duval S, Smith JS, Buchowski JM, Yson SC, Larson AN, Sembrano JN, Santos ERG. Spine Deformity. 2013(1):248-258.
  8. Comparison of cranial facet joint violation rates between open and percutaneous pedicle screw placement using 3-D CT (O-arm) computer navigation. Yson SC, Sembrano JN, Sanders PC, Santos ER, Ledonio CG, Polly DW Jr. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Feb 15;38(4):E251-8.
  9. Intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging (O-arm) for assessment of pedicle screw position: Does it prevent unacceptable screw placement? Sembrano JN, Polly DW Jr, Ledonio CG, Santos ER. Int J Spine Surg. 2012;(6):49-54.
  10. The accuracy of navigation and 3D image-guided placement for the placement of pedicle screws in congenital spine deformity. Larson AN, Polly DW Jr, Guidera KJ, Mielke CH, Santos ER, Ledonio CG, Sembrano JN. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012 Sep;32(6):e23-9.
  11. Does Prone Re-Positioning Prior to Posterior Fixation Produce Greater Lordosis in Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)? Yson SC, Sembrano JN, Santos ER, Luna JT, Polly DW Jr. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2012 Jul 13.
  12. Segmental lumbar sagittal correction after bilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Yson SC, Santos ERG, Sembrano JN, Polly DW Jr. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012 Jul;17(1):37-42. Epub 2012 May 11.
  13. Pediatric pedicle screw placement using intraoperative computed tomography and 3-dimensional image-guided navigation. Larson AN, Santos ERG, Polly DW Jr, Ledonio CGT, Sembrano JN, Mielke CH, Guidera KJ. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Feb;37(3):E188-94.
  14. Biomechanical analysis of pedicle screw thread differential design in an osteoporotic cadaver model. Mehta H, Santos E, Ledonio C, Sembrano J, Ellingson A, Pare P, Murrell B, Nuckley D. Clinical Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2012 Mar;27(3):234-40. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
  15. The accuracy of intraoperative O-arm images for the assessment of pedicle screw position. Santos ER, Ledonio CG, Castro CA, Truong WH, Sembrano JN. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Jan 15;37(2):E119-25.
  16. Larson AN, Santos ER, Polly DW Jr., Ledonio CG, Sembrano JN, Mielke CH, Guidera KJ. Pediatric pedicle screw placement using intraoperative CT and 3D image-guided navigation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) July 5, 2011.
  17. Santos ER, Ledonio CG, Castro CA, Truong WH, Sembrano JN: Validity of Surgeon Perception of Navigated Pedicle Screw Position: A Cadaveric Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(15): E1027-E1032.1 July 2011.
  18. Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Mueller B, Polly DW: Optimizing iliac screw fixation: a biomechanical study on screw length, trajectory, and diameter. J Neurosurg Spine 14:219-225, February 2011.
  19. Gioe TJ, Glynn J, Sembrano J, Suthers K, Santos ER, Singh J. Mobile and fixed-bearing (all-polyethylene tibial component) total knee Arthroplasty designs. A prospective randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Sep; 91(9): 2104-12.
  20. Santos ER, Pinto MR, Lonstein JE, Denis F, Garvey TA, Perra JH, Transfeldt EE, Schwender JD. Revision lumbar arthrodesis for the treatment of lumbar cage pseudoarthrosis: complications. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008 Aug; 21(6): 418-21.
  21. Santos ER, Rosner MK, Perra JH, Polly DW Jr. Spinopelvic fixation in deformity: a review. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2007 Apr; 18(2): 373-84.
  22. Gioe TJ, Stroemer ES, Santos ER. All-polyethylene and metal-backed tibias have similar outcomes at 10 years: a randomized level I [corrected] evidence study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Feb; 455:212-8. Erratum in: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 May; 458:249.
  23. Wai EK, Santos ER, Morcom RA, Fraser RD. Magnetic resonance imaging 20 years after anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Aug 1; 31(17): 1952-6.
  24. Saleh KJ, Santos ER, Ghomrawi HM, Parvizi J, Mulhall KJ. Socioeconomic issues and demographics of total knee arthroplasty revision. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006 May;446:15-21.
  25. Palmer DH, Mulhall KJ, Thompson CA, Severson EP, Santos ER, Saleh KJ. Total knee arthroplasty in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Jul; 87(7):1510-4.
  26. Polly DW, Santos ER, Mehbod AA. Surgical treatment for the painful motion segment: matching technology with the indications: posterior lumbar fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Aug 15; 30(16 Suppl): S44-51. Review.
  27. Santos EG, Polly DW Jr, Mehbod AA, Saleh KJ. Disc arthroplasty: lessons learned from total joint arthroplasty. Spine J. 2004 Nov-Dec; 4(6 Suppl): 182S-189S. Review.
  28. Saleh KJ, Barrack R, Clark C, ….Santos ER et al. Predictive Validity of the knee society index of severity – a prospective multicenter cohort study. Journal of Arthroplasty. Volume 19: 322-328. April 2004.
  29. Santos ER, Goss DG, Morcom RK, Fraser RD. Radiologic assessment of interbody fusion using carbon fiber cages. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 May 15;28(20): 997-1001.

Accepted Articles

  1. Mehta H, Santos E, Ledonio C, Sembrano J, Ellingson A, Pare P, Murrell B, Nuckley D. Biomechanical analysis of pedicle screw thread differential design in an osteoporotic cadaver model. Clinical Biomechanics. 2011; (Accepted with minor revisions 7/21/2011).Dr. Santos was the principal investigator in this investigation. He was involved in the performance of the cadaveric procedures, and was involved in data analysis and manuscript review. Clinical Biomechanics is an international multidisciplinary journal of musculoskeletal biomechanics that helps explain the causes of musculoskeletal disorders and provides assistance to the clinician in the evaluation of treatment methods. Its impact factor is 2.036.

Submitted Manuscripts

  1. Segmental Lumbar Sagittal Correction After Bilateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion. Yson S, Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Polly DW. Submitted to Spine. (Submitted 4/2011) Role: Senior author
  2. The Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Insertion Using INtraoperative Three-Dimensional Image-Guidance. Santos ER, Polly DW, Larson AN, Ledonio CG, Sembrano JN. Submitted to The Spine Journal (5/2011) Role: Primary author
  3. Navigation and 3D Image-Guided Placement of Pedicle Screws in Congenital Spine Deformity. Larson, Polly DW, Guidera K, Mielke, C, Santos ER, Ledonio C, Sembrano JN. Submitted to the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics (6/2011) Role: Co-author.
  4. 3-D Image Based Computer Navigation Reduces Needle Malposition Rates in Balloon Kyphoplasty. Sembrano JN, Yson S, Santos ER, Ledonio C, Nuckley D, Polly DW. Submitted to Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation. (7/2011) Role: Co-author

Peer-Reviewed Abstracts

  1. Validation of Surgeon Perception of Navigated Pedicle Screw Position: A Cadaveric Study. Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Ledonio CG, Castro CA, Truong W, Polly DW. The Spine Journal. September 2010 Vol. 10, Issue 9, Supplement, Page S78.
  2. Accuracy of Intra-operative O-arm Images in Determining Pedicle Screw Position. Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Ledonio CG, Castro CA, Truong W, Polly DW. The Spine Journal. September 2010 Vol. 10, Issue 9, Supplement, Page S50.
  3. Intra-operative Feedback for Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Intervertebral Disc Volume Removal and Outcomes. Ledonio CG, Henricks A, Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Nuckley DJ, Polly DW. The Spine Journal Sep 2010 Vol. 10, Issue 9, Supplement, Pages S48-S49.
  4. Intra-articular Botulinum Toxin A for Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty. Singh JA, Mahowald ML, Santos ER, Gioe TG, Schmidt R. et al. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases. 66:545-545. 2007.
  5. Intra-articular Botulinum Toxin A for Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty. Singh JA, Mahowald ML, Krug HE, Santos ER. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 54(9): S541-S542. 2008.

Publications (Non Peer-Reviewed)

  1. The Pullout Strength of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts in ACL Reconstruction Using the Kurosaka Screw Versus a Modified Cancellous Screw. Santos ER and Bernardo P. Philippine Journal of Orthopaedics, December 1999.
  2. The Outcome of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures at the Philippine General Hospital. Santos ER and Pasion E. Philippine Journal of Orthopaedics, December 1998.
  3. Comparison of Three Methods of Fixation of Phalangeal Fractures: A Biomechanical Study. Santos ER and Bautista J. Philippine Journal of Orthopaedics, December 1999.
  4. The Treatment of Infected Non-Union of Long Bones Using the Method of Ilizarov: The PGH Experience. Santos ER and Javier J. Philippine Journal of Orthopaedics, December 2000.

Book Chapters

  1. Sembrano JN, Yson SC, Santos ERG and Polly DW Jr. (2014). Percutaneous Pedicle Screws. In: Phillips FM, Lieberman IH and Polly DW Jr. (Eds), Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Surgical Techniques and Disease Management (1st ed, pp. 129-139). New York, NY, USA: Springer
  2. “Disorders and Diseases of the Spine” in Manual of Orthopaedis 7th Edition. Santos ER, Polly DW. Submitted.
  3. “Bone Grafting Options” E-book chapter for the Scoliosis Research Society. Santos ER, Sembrano JN, Yson S, Polly DW. Submitted.
  4. “When to Consider ALIF, TLIF, PLIF, PSF or Motion Preserving Techniques” in The Textbook of Spine Surgery 3rd Edition. Santos ER, Polly DW. In press.
  5. “Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion:” in Surgical Management of Low Back Pain. Santos ER, Polly DW. Thieme. 2009.
  6. “Management of Femoral Neck Fractures” in Master Techniques in Orthopedic Surgery 2nd Ed. Santos ER and Swiontkowski M. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2006.

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